TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Compliance through

Knowledge

Viva-Voce

Application

1.      Radar

1.1     Describe the principles of Radar.

1.1.1      Define the acronym RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging).

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1.1.2      Explain the principles of electro-magnetic energy transmission.

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1.1.3      State how radar uses electro-magnetic energy to perform its function.

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1.1.4      Safe Distances are explained correctly (explains the importance of not storing radar spares nearer to magnetic compasses than the specified safe distances) as per IMO Model Course 1.07, Section 1.2

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1.1.5      Radiations hazards and precautions are stated correctly (state the safety precautions necessary in the vicinity of open equipment and the radiation hazard near antennae and open waveguides) as per IMO Model Course 1.07, Section 1.3

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1.2     List the five (5) main components of a marine radar system and describe the basic functions of each main component.

1.2.1      Describe the function of the transmission unit and its related components:
              Power supply.
Modulator.
              Trigger signals, Transmit/ Receiver (T/R) switch.
              Timing circuitry.
              Antenna.
X versus S band.

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1.2.2      Describe the function of the Antenna and its related components:
Transmission of pulses.
Beam width.
Horizontal scanning time.
Reception of echoes.

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1.2.3      Describe the function of the receiving unit and its related components:
Detection of pulses.
Processing of pulses.

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TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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Knowledge

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Application

1.             Radar (Continued)

1.2.4      Describe the display unit and its related components:
Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT).
Painting of echoes.
Raster versus radial scan.
Touch screen display.

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1.2.5      Describe the main performance controls:
Performance monitor.
Clutter controls.
Gain.
Tuning.
Analogue specific; brilliance, focus.
Digital specific; brilliance, contrast.

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1.3   Recognize that radar consists of computer components.

1.3.1      List the main components of a computer system:
Input device.
Output device.
Printed circuit boards.
Central processing unit (CPU).
Memory.

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1.3.2      Relate computer processing to radar:
Analogue and digital concepts.
Analogue to digital converter.
Auto-tuning.
Auto clutter.
Trails.
Manual plotting.
Image expansion.
Image averaging.

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1.4   Recognize IMO radar terms, symbols, controls and symbols.

1.4.1      IMO Performance Standards for Radar Equipment.

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1.4.2      Define radar associated terms and symbols/controls, IMO and others.

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1.5   Demonstrate the correct set-up and shut-down procedure of a marine Radar.

1.5.1      Perform pre power-on checks.

1.5.2      Describe the function of each display control.

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1.5.3      Demonstrate the use of each control in the setting up procedure.

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1.5.4      Prepare a radar display for operational use in:
Head-up orientation.
Course-up orientation.
North-up orientation.
True motion (ground stabilized) mode.
True motion (sea stabilized) mode.

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1.5.5      Perform radar shut-down procedure.

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1.5.6      Identify the limitations of different display modes and orientations and the dangers of misinterpretation.

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TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Compliance through

Knowledge

Viva-Voce

Application

1.             Radar (Continued)

1.6   Demonstrate basic knowledge of the physical, atmospheric and inherent errors and limitations in a marine radar system.

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1.6.1      Describe how a target’s characteristics affect its displayed echo on a radar screen.

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1.6.2      Describe how atmospheric conditions can affect the performance of a marine radar.

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1.6.3      Describe how maladjustment or improper operation of certain radar components can affect the radar’s performance.

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1.6.4      Describe the inherent errors which exist in a marine radar.

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1.6.5      Demonstrate the use of the operating manual and system check menu(s) to identify malfunction of major components.

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1.7   Demonstrate an ability to use radar for navigation.

1.7.1      Describe the presentation of:
Head-up.
Course-up.
North-up.
Relative motion mode.
True motion mode.

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1.7.2      Describe and demonstrate the function of each radar display control.

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1.7.3      Perform navigational position fixing using radar ranges and bearings (true and relative) from stabilized and unstabilized presentations.

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1.7.4      Discuss and set warning parameters.

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1.7.5      Describe use of Nav Lines and Nav Points.

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1.7.6      Recognize and correct maladjustment of controls.

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1.7.7      Determine the heading marker, bearing marker, range marker, range ring and variable range marker error.

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1.7.8      Correct range and bearing data for known errors.

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1.7.9      Describe detection of a SART and action required by the officer of the watch (OOW). Demonstrate detection of a SART.

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1.7.10    Describe detection, function and navigational use of Radar Beacons (RACON) and radar reflectors.

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1.7.11    Discuss the operation of radar in high speed craft (Ref. High Speed Craft code).

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1.8   Describe the use of radar for collision avoidance in all conditions of visibility including:

1.8.1      use of radar as a collision warning device.

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1.8.2      the function of echo trail or echo track.

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1.8.3      the function of manual plotting on the radar presentation.

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1.8.4      appropriate Collision Regulations as they pertain to radar.

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1.9   Identify routine radar checks.

1.9.1      Demonstrate the periodic operational checks to be performed by the radar operator.

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1.9.2      Describe the purpose and contents of the radar log.

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TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Compliance through

Knowledge

Viva-Voce

Application

2.             ARPA

2.1   Recognize the need for Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA).

2.1.1      Define the acronym ARPA.

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2.1.2      Relate ARPA to maintaining a radar watch.

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2.2   Recognize ARPA as a computer.

2.2.1      Relate computer processing to ARPA.

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2.3   Appreciate ARPA as a component of marine radar system.

2.3.1      Identify the sensors that supply ARPA input data.

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2.3.2      Explain the processing of the input data.

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2.3.3      Describe the ARPA output displays.

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2.4   Identify ARPA terms, symbols and limitations.

2.4.1      Discuss the IMO performance Standard for Automatic Radar Plotting Aids.

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2.4.2      Define ARPA (IMO) associated terms and symbols.

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2.4.3      Define ARPA limitations, inaccuracies of information, and dangers of over reliance.

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2.5   Explain how ARPA data is used for determination of risk of collision and collision avoidance.

2.5.1      Discuss appropriate action based on ARPA data and Collision Regulations.

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2.5.2      Describe the function of each ARPA control.

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2.5.3      Describe operation of trial maneuver.

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2.5.4      Describe target history and its use.

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2.6   Identify other ARPA/Radar features and sensors that are used for navigation.

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2.6.1      Geographic functions.

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2.6.2      Set and drift prediction.

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2.6.3      Other ARPA features and sensors used for navigation

3.             Radar Plotting

3.1   Describe the need for radar plotting in collision avoidance.

3.1.1      Review the Collision Regulations which apply to radar plotting.
explain the rules that apply under all conditions of visibility.
explain the rules that apply when vessels are in sight of one another.
explain the rules that apply when vessels are not in sight of one another.

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3.2   Construct a motion triangle using M.O.T. symbols (Motion, Own, Target).

3.2.1      Explain plotting geometry and relative motion concepts.
relative motion stabilized.
relative motion unstabilized.

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3.2.2      Review radar display modes.
relative motion stabilized.
relative motion unstabilized.

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TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Compliance through

Knowledge

Viva-Voce

Application

3.             Radar Plotting (Continued)

3.2.3    Develop the motion triangle.
Head-up.
North-up.

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3.3   Interpret the motion in all display modes.

3.3.1    Predict Closest Point of Approach (CPA) and time of CPA (TCPA) using the motion triangle.

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3.3.2    Determine target course and speed using motion triangle.

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3.3.3    Find the aspect by construction.

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3.3.4    Recognize the use of the manual plotting facility on radar as an alternative process for the paper plot.

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3.4   Plan collision avoidance action using motion triangle for head up and north up.

3.4.1    Identify possible collision avoidance options.

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3.4.2    Construct appropriate prediction motion triangle based on selected options.

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3.4.3    Verify safety of planned action.

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3.4.4    Verify the necessity for action.

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3.5   Discuss application of radar plotting in multi-target situation.

3.5.1    Determine data report for all targets.

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3.5.2    Analyze target data reports.

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3.5.3    Plan the most appropriate action based on the data reports in accordance with Collision Regulations.

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3.5.4    Execute the planned action and evaluate effectiveness.

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4.             Satellite Navigation (GPS/DGPS)

4.1   Describe three (3) main segments of Global Positioning System (GPS).

4.1.1    Discuss the space segment.

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4.1.2    Discuss the Terrestrial segment.

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4.1.3    Discuss the user segment.

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4.2   Describe how the GPS works.

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4.2.1    Discuss the IMO performance standards for GPS receiver equipment.

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4.2.2    Discuss how the position is calculated.

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4.2.3    Discuss the concept of time, pseudo ranges, codes and noise.

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4.2.4    Discuss the military and civilian signals

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4.2.5    State GPS precision.

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4.2.6    Describe the various types of receivers.

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4.3   Describe the errors of GPS.

4.3.1    Describe the system errors.

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4.3.2    Describe the independent errors.

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4.4   Describe the operation and the use of GPS.

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4.4.1    Demonstrate the setting up procedure of a GPS receiver.
identify the data required for initialization.
initialize the receiver.
perform the necessary data input.
discuss the updating process.
demonstrate the use of the receiver/search, acquire and      lock on.

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TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Compliance through

Knowledge

Viva-Voce

Application

4.    Satellite Navigation (GPS/DGPS) (Continued)

4.5   Discuss geodesy as it relates to GPS.

4.5.1    Explain the concept of geodesy.

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4.5.2    Identify GPS coordinate systems.

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4.5.3    Discuss various datum.

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4.6   Discuss Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS).

4.6.1    Explain the principles of extracting errors.

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4.6.2    Discuss the principles of applying differential corrections.

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4.6.3    Discuss GPS  with reference to SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation Systems)

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4.7   Recognize Other satellite navigation systems.

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4.7.1    Discuss GLONASS  System

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4.7.2    Discuss Galileo Systems

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5.         LORAN-C

5.1   Describe the components of the Loran-C System.

5.1.1    Discuss IMO performance standards for Loran C.

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5.1.2    Discuss the principles of hyperbolic navigation.

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5.1.3    Discuss the land-based components of the Loran-C system.

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5.1.4    Discuss the ship borne component of the Loran-C system.

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5.2   Demonstrate the setting up of a Loran-C Receiver.

5.2.1    Explain the setting up procedure of a Loran-C receiver.

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5.2.2    Demonstrate the setting up procedure of a Loran-C receiver.

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5.3   Explain the navigational functions of a Loran-C Receiver.

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5.3.1    Explain the various navigational displays.

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5.3.2    Identify the uses of Loran-C data.

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5.3.3    Describe the use of the built in navigation computer.

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5.3.4    Identify the additional applications of a Loran-C.

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5.4   Identify the errors and limitations of the Loran-C System.

5.4.1    Discuss the inherent errors of the system.

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5.4.2    Discuss the operational errors of the system.

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5.4.3    Discuss the variable errors of the system.

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5.4.4    Discuss the limitations of the system.

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5.5   Features common to GPS and LORAN C instruments.

5.5.1    Demonstrate route planning.

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5.5.2    Demonstrate route monitoring.

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5.5.3    Identify interface protocols.

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6.         Gyro-Compass, Auto Pilot and Course Recorder

6.1   Describe the basic principle of a gyro-compass.

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6.2   Describe the performance standard for heading control systems.

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6.3   Describe the starting and stopping procedure for a gyrocompass.

6.3.1    Recognize the importance of the operator’s manual.

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6.3.2    Demonstrate the correct starting procedure.

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6.3.3    Describe the correct stopping procedure.

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6.4   Describe the set-up procedure for a gyrocompass repeater system.

6.4.1    List various applications of gyrocompass repeaters.

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6.4.2    Describe the set-up procedure for each type.

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TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Compliance through

Knowledge

Viva-Voce

Application

6.         Gyro-Compass, Auto Pilot and Course Recorder (Continued)

6.5   State the operational checks and performance monitoring functions to be performed on a gyro-compass and repeaters.

6.5.1    List the checks required for a gyro-compass.

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6.5.2    Detail the documentation necessary.

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6.6   Identify the limitations of a gyro-compass.

6.6.1    List the limitations of a gyro-compass.

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6.6.2    Describe the effect of each limitation.

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6.7   Discuss the characteristics of auto-pilot.

6.7.1    List the advantages of auto-pilot.

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6.7.2    List the disadvantages of auto-pilot.

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6.8   Discuss the basic operation of auto-pilot.

6.8.1    Describe the basic components of an auto-pilot.

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6.8.2    Describe the function of the main controls on an auto-pilot.

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6.8.3    Explain the changeover procedure from auto to manual and emergency steering.

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6.8.4    Describe the adjustment of controls for optimum performance.

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6.9   Identify the uses of a course recorder.

6.9.1    Describe the operation of a course recorder.

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6.9.2    List the uses of a course recorder.

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6.10  Identify and discuss other compass systems

6.10.1 GPS Compass

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6.10.2 Fiber Optics Gyro Compass

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7.         Echo Sounder

7.1       Describe the principles of echo sounding.

7.1.1        Explain the principles of sound transmission in water.

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7.1.2        Show how an echo sounder uses sound to perform its functions.

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7.2       Describe the components of an echo sounder.

7.2.1        Identify the principal components.

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7.2.2        Describe the function and operational maintenance of each principal component.

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7.3       Demonstrate the setting up procedure for an echo sounder.

7.3.1        List the controls found on an echo sounder.

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7.3.2        Demonstrate the function of each control.

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7.3.3        Prepare an echo sounder display for use.

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7.4       Explain the use of the echo sounder data.

7.4.1        Application of echo sounder data to general navigation.

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7.4.2        Application of echo sounder data to specific navigation.

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7.5       Discuss the errors and limitations of an echo sounder.

7.5.1        List and describe the errors of an echo sounder.

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7.5.2        List and describe the limitations of an echo sounder.

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TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Compliance through

Knowledge

Viva-Voce

Application

8.         Logs

8.1     Name the different types of log.

8.1.1        Appreciate the need for a log.

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8.1.2        Determine the speed of the vessel.

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8.1.3        Determine the distance traveled by the vessel.

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8.1.4        Determine the log error.

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8.1.5        Determine the vessel’s position.

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8.2     Identify the information given by a log.

8.2.1        Identify the vessel’s speed through the water.

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8.2.2        Find the vessel’s speed over the ground.

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